Army Report: Iraq Occupation Understaffed


A 700-page study of the Iraq war and its aftermath by the United States Army released yesterday concludes that the post-war occupation phase of the conflict suffered from under-staffing and from incorrect assumptions by commanders as to just what the Army's role would be.
"Few commanders foresaw that full spectrum operations in Iraq would entail the simultaneous employment of offense, defense, stability, and support operations by units at all echelons of command to defeat new, vicious, and effective enemies.

[The] post-war situation in Iraq was severely out of line with the suppositions made at nearly every level before the war."

That means that the Army was operating in a "liberate and go home" mindset in the immediate aftermath of the fall of Saddam Hussein's regime in Baghdad, and expected Iraqis to take control of the country in very short order.

Critics of the Bush Administration's pre-war planning will seize on the report's conclusions as proof that the president led the nation to war without adequate preparations for the aftermath. That charge is necessarily informed by hindsight, however. Everyone agrees that the post-war occupation plan turned out to be insufficient to handle the conditions in the country, but that is not proof that there was no plan.

Criticism of the Administration's reaction to events after the war is more accurate. Widespread looting and general lawlessness in the days after the fall of Baghdad was not immediately suppressed, for example. And the decisions by Coalition Provisional Authority head L. Paul Bremer to officially disband the Iraqi Army and bar former Baath Party members from civil service positions led to high unemployment and provided an opening for the Sunni insurgency to take root.

Despite past mistakes, however, the change in strategy that the president ordered at the beginning of 2007, the troop surge, the Anbar Awakening, Gen. David Petraeus's brilliant leadership, and the growth and maturity of the Iraqi government has set Iraq on a path for real success in the months and years ahead. But the report is a useful exercise. Lessons learned from the report will help the United States military, its commanders, and civilian leaders adjust tactics for future armed conflicts.

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